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Fact: There is no immunity or protection against The Law of Scoreboards. Did you know: What the media does NOT want you to read is at https://market-ticker.org/nad. You are not signed on; if you are a visitor please register for a free account! |
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| User Info | ESG Is....A FELONY; entered at 2022-06-18 08:35:52 | |||
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Winston2020 Posts: 461 Registered: 2020-03-29 
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And all for what is fundamentally -bull****-... Verification, Validation, and Confirmation of Numerical Models in the Earth Sciences Science, New Series, Vol. 263, No. 5147. (Feb. 4, 1994), pp. 641-646 https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Ve.... Excerpts: Verification and validation of numerical models of natural systems is impossible. This is because natural systems are never closed and because model results are always non-unique. Complete confirmation is logically precluded by the fallacy of affirming the consequent and by incomplete access to natural phenomena. Models can only be evaluated in relative terms, and their predictive value is always open to question. Numerical models are increasingly being used in the public arena, in some cases to justify highly controversial decisions. Therefore, the implication of truth is a serious matter. The terms verification and validation are now being used by scientists in ways that are contradictory and misleading. In the earth sciences-hydrology, geochemistry, meteorology, and oceanography-numerical models always represent complex open systems in which the operative processes are incompletely understood and the required empirical input data are incompletely known. Such models can never be verified. --------- And here's something I linked to in a forum where a chicken little news item was screaming about 400 ppm CO2 (actually, they should always be using and MUST actually mean ppmv): "PPM is a configuration of measurement that is associated with solid or hard concentrations. And on the other hand, PPPMV is a configuration of measurement that is associated with the gaseous concentration." Note that this graph is in THOUSAND parts per million by volume (ppmv): Temperature (T) and atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration proxies during the Phanerozoic Eon https://www.researchgate.net/publication.... 2022-06-18 08:35:52
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